• No issues related to this tool.
• Sethoxydim is applied foliarly to target plants with little entering water column
• Any sethoxydim entering water column degrades rapidly

• Will likely suppress or control beneficial grasses if mixed with target grasses
• Does not control non-grass species

• No issues related to this tool – potential for bioaccumulation is low

• 96-hour LC₅₀ range from 1.6 mg/L in carp to 32 mg/L in rainbow trout, and 100 mg/L in bluegill sunfish

• U.S. EPA reports that the toxicity of sethoxydim to mammals is low
  • Practically nontoxic if absorbed through the skin
  • Can cause skin and eye irritation
  • Sethoxydim is not mutagenic or carcinogenic in humans
• Low toxicity to wildlife
• Potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low

• No issues related to this tool at operational rates and strategies

• Practically nontoxic to birds
  • Acute oral LD₅₀ in mallard ducks > 2,510 mg/kg and in Japanese quail > 5,000 mg/kg
  • Dietary LC₅₀ in mallard ducks and bobwhite quail > 5,620 ppm

• No issues related to this tool

• No issues related to this tool

• Do not apply within 500 feet of an irrigation intake or crop growing area
  • do not use water in the immediate area where TIGR Herbicide is applied for irrigation for 30 days after application or until analytical monitoring has verified < 1 ppb in water

• No issues related to this tool for applications in Florida public waters

• Do not use water in the immediate area where TIGR herbicide is applied for drinking for 30 days after application or until analytical monitoring has verified < 1 ppb in water

• No issues related to this tool

• Fishing in the immediate area of application is catch and release only for the restricted period

• No issues related to this tool

• Do not use water in the immediate area where TIGR herbicide is applied for swimming for 30 days after application or until analytical monitoring has verified < 1 ppb in water

• 40 oz/ac in 14-day sequential applications for seasonal torpedograss control
• 3-5% v/v for spot treatments can be done with sequential applications
  • Longer retreatment intervals need to be examined

• Degraded rapidly by microbes and photolysis
• Half-life in the field ranges from 5 to 25 days on soils

• Microbial metabolism is primary degradation pathway

• Weak tendency to adsorb to soil particles

• Degraded rapidly through photolysis – within an hour

• Not sensitive to hydrolysis

• No issues related to this tool
  • Not used for submersed applications
  • Degrades in as little as one hour in water

• Available only in liquid formulation
• Contains 1.5 lb active ingredient / gallon

• Not available in solid formulation

• Classified in WSSA Resistance Group #1
  • Acetyl CoA carboxylase enzyme inhibitor

• Absorbs rapidly through leaf surfaces, transported in xylem and phloem, and accumulates in meristematic tissues
  • Leads to failure of cell membrane integrity, especially in regions of active growth
  • Results in cessation of shoot and rhizome growth, leading to necrosis and death of shoot meristems and rhizome buds, and ultimately plant death

• Not used as a plant growth regulator in Florida aquatic plant control applications

• Group 1 herbicide – repeated use may lead to the selection of resistant biotypes

• Mesocosm studies indicate control is lower for torpedograss grown at a water depth of 30 cm compared to saturated conditions.

• No issues related to this tool – not used for submersed applications

• No issues related to this tool – not used for submersed applications

• No issues likely related to this parameter
  • Anticipated control sites are spot, band or fringe treatments, or marshes with low DO

• No issues related to this tool for application or mixing water

• No issues related to this tool – primarily used for small-scale control

• No issues related to this tool – applied directly to emergent leaves

• Sand/Clay – no issues related to this tool
• Organic – no issues related to this tool

• Does not adsorb to suspended material

• May occasionally be used to control native grasses in unwanted areas (e.g. boat ramps)
• Does not control cattail, sedges, or other non-grass species

• May occasionally be used to control non-native grasses in unwanted areas

• Registered in Florida to provide a new mode of action for invasive grass control
  • Evaluation underway for torpedograss, paragrass and West Indian marsh grass control
• Will evaluate control for Tropical American water grass, in ponds, lakes, swamps, riparian areas, wetlands, marshes, reservoirs, and other areas adjacent to aquatic sites

• Need actively growing plants for herbicide uptake
• Most effective control by applying postemergence applications early in the growing season (late spring), when perennial grasses leaf out and annual grass weeds are small

• Apply to actively growing target plants
• Use methylated seed oil at a mixing rate of 1% volume/volume
• Torpedograss – 2 applications sethoxydim @ 40 oz/ac broadcast or 3-5% v/v for spot control
• For application by boat or ground equipment
  • Use a minimum of 20, up to 100 gallons of water per acre to ensure uniform coverage
    • Increased water volume if grass foliage is dense
• Non-target co-mingled grasses will likely be suppressed or controlled

• Seasonal control of torpedograss with sequential applications ~14 days apart
  • Longer retreatment intervals need to be evaluated
  • Sethoxydim efficacy less than glyphosate/imazapyr, but more selective for non-grass species

• Apply only when the wind speed is 10 mph or less
• Produce larger droplets to reduce drift potential
• Rain-fast in one hour
• Avoid wash-off from application boat or recreational boats for one hour

Seasonally

• Apply to actively growing plants in late winter / early spring increases efficacy

• Rapidly broken down by photolysis – early season applications may produce better results

• No issues related to this tool – not used for submersed applications

• No generics or equivalent modes of action available

• Area of control is confined to the area to which sethoxydim is directly applied
  • Dissipation outside of application zone is not an issue

• Under development for torpedograss control
  • Seasonal control then regrowth in early trials

• Quickly absorbed by plant foliage (rain-fast after 1 hour)
• Actively translocated throughout grass plants
  • Accumulates in growing points of foliage and roots
  • Growth of grasses ceases in about two days
  • Obvious symptoms may take 2-4 weeks to express
• Two or more applications, one month apart, likely needed for torpedograss control

• Currently recommended for spot or small-scale handgun applications