• Applications made to moving bodies of water must be made heading upstream
  • Prevents concentrations of glyphosate in one area

• Avoid applications within emergent aquatic plant revegetation sites, especially grass species

• No issues related to this tool

• Acute Toxicity bluegill (96 hr LC₅₀) = 120 mg/L
• Acute LC₅₀ for rainbow trout > 2500 mg/L.

• Material is practically non-toxic to aquatic organisms on an acute basis
  • LC₅₀ or EC₅₀ is > 100 mg/L in most sensitive species tested

• No issues related to this tool

• Practically non-toxic to birds on an acute basis – LD₅₀ > 2,000 mg/kg
• Oral LD₅₀, Bobwhite quail > 3,800 mg/kg

• No issues related to this tool

• No issues related to this tool

• No irrigation restrictions on the use of treated water

• No livestock watering restrictions

• Do not apply within ½ mile upstream of a functioning potable water intake, or
  • Within 1/2 mile of a functioning potable water intake in static water
• Coordinate applications with water facility operator
• Applications within 1/2 mile of potable water intake can be made if:
  • The intake is shut down for 48 hours, or
  • An approved laboratory analysis indicates the glyphosate concentration is below 0.7ppm

• No issues related to this tool

• No fish consumption restrictions

• No issues related to this tool

• No swimming restrictions

• 0.5 mg/L – not applied to water; only to foliage of emergent vegetation
• Maximum 7.5 pt / ac

• Half-life in ponds reported from 12-60 days

• Broken down microbially, primary pathway

• Highly adsorbed on most soils, especially soils with high organic content

• Minor breakdown pathway

• Not sensitive to hydrolysis

• Not active in water and will not kill submersed plants
• Binds tightly with soil so runoff is low

• Available in liquid formulation only

• Not available in solid formulation

• Classified in WSSA Resistance Grouping #9
  • Enzyme inhibitor – (Enolpyruvyl Shikimate-3-Phosphate (EPSP) Synthase Inhibitor)

• Absorbed by foliar tissues only
• Moves to areas of new growth
• Prevents formation of essential aromatic amino acids in plants
  • Without these essential amino acids, the plant cannot make proteins, enzymes, etc.
  • Plant cannot continue growing and eventually starves and dies

• Not used as a plant growth regulator

• Resistance issues reported in terrestrial applications
• No examples of resistance reported in FL aquatic use patterns
• Rotate or use with another active ingredient where appropriate

• No issues related to this tool, used only for floating and emergent plant control

• No issues related to this tool, used only for floating and emergent plant control

• Dissipation not an issue related to this tool
  • Used only for floating and emergent plant control
  • Applied directly to above-water leaves or stems

• Use caution for larger applications to control plants in warm water to avoid DO depletion

• No issues related to this tool

• No issues related to this tool

• No issues related to this tool

• Sand/Clay – no issues related to this tool, applied only to leaves of floating or emergent plants
• Organic – no issues related to this tool, applied only to leaves of floating or emergent plants
• No pre-emergence or soil activity

• Avoid disturbing sediments in shallow water if drawing for tank mixes

• Cattail, willow, tussocks
  • Applied at 7.5 pt / ac
  • Used for spot or large-scale control
  • Rotational or combinational tool with imazamox, imazapyr, or 2,4-D
• Spatter-dock
  • Applied at 7.5 pt /ac
  • Used with tryclopyr and 2,4-D

• Primrose willow
  • Applied at 7.5 pt /ac

• Torpedograss, Cuban club-rush, paragrass, tropical American watergrass, West Indian marsh grass
  • Applied at 7.5 pt /ac alone or 6 pt + 2 pt imazapyr
• Floating plants (water hyacinth / water lettuce)

• Lower rates may be applicable for young actively growing plants

• Apply to actively growing target plants
• No activity on submersed plants
• Good efficacy for cattail and most grasses
  • Control is relatively fast and long duration
• Not as effective controlling torpedograss in standing water
  • Increase effectiveness by combining with imazapyr
  • Minimize non-target effects by altering dose, timing, or use alternative herbicide
• Toxic to most grasses – avoid overspray onto desirable grasses

• Very effective for long-term control for cattail and most grasses
• Avoid contact with comingled non-target plants, especially native grasses

• Need at least six hours of contact for maximum effectiveness
• Avoid application in winds greater than 10 mph

Seasonally

• Apply only to actively growing plants

• No issues related to this tool

• No issues related to this tool – not applied directly to water

• Generics available
• Alternative herbicides available for some plants controlled by glyphosate

• Controls only emergent and floating plants to which it is applied
• No activity in submersed plants

• Provides long term control for most grasses
  • Torpedograss is an exception
  • Glyphosate does not translocate well in plant tissues below the water surface

• Yellowing symptoms in 2-3 days
• Control in 2-3 weeks
  • Much longer for floating plants

• Apply by hand gun and airboat for small acreages of floating and emergent plants
• Apply aerially by helicopter for larger acreages of cattail, torpedograss and Tropical American watergrass