Usually found in shallow river channels or flood plains
Forms dense, tangled monocultures
Invades disturbed areas and grows over established native vegetation
Difficult to selectively remove from intertwined native vegetation
Seeds disseminated by birds increasing potential for wide and rapid dispersal
Management Options
Biological: None available
Chemical: Glyphosate, 2,4-D, triclopyr
Mechanical: Impractical – plants in shallow water, wooded marshes
Physical: Hand pulling individual plants
Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission, Status of the Aquatic Plant Maintenance Program in Florida Public Waters, Annual Report – Fiscal Year 2016-2017.