• Do not apply within 600 feet of functioning potable water intake
• No irrigation restrictions listed for either formulation

• No issues related to this tool

• No issues related to this tool – potential for bioaccumulation is low

• Highly toxic – blue gill, rainbow trout, channel catfish, daphnia EC50 > 0.36 ppm
• Fish may be killed by doses in excess of 0.3 ppm
  • Use as small-scale or spot applications
  • Allow fish space to escape/avoid application site

• No issues related to this tool

• No issues related to this tool at operational rates (0.05 – 0.3 ppm) and strategies

• Non-toxic to waterfowl – mallard duck LD₅₀ > 5,000 ppm

• No issues related to this tool

• No issues related to this tool

• No irrigation restrictions

• No issues related to this tool for applications in Florida public waters

• Apply 600 feet or greater from a functioning potable water intake
• Coordinate applications with water facility operator
• Public consumption of water only when the MCL is below 0.1 ppm

• No issues related to this tool

• No fish consumption restriction – does not bioaccumulate in fish

• No issues related to this tool

• No swimming restriction

• Applied at 0.05 – 0.3 ppm, often in combination with potassium endothall
  • Submersed or foliar applications for crested floating heart and hydrilla control

• Half-life in water about one week or less

• Microbial metabolism is primary degradation pathway

• Does not adsorb to suspended solids or sediments

• Does not degrade by photolysis

• Not sensitive to hydrolysis

• Breaks down fairly rapidly in water so dissipation is minimal

• Available in liquid formulation

• Available in granular formulation

• Unclassified in WSSA Resistance Grouping
  • Protein phosphatase inhibitor

• Absorbed by foliage or underwater tissues
• Interferes with protein and lipid synthesis
  • Disrupts cell membrane and respiration – cell membranes become leaky
  • Cell contents spill out – cannot make energy and die
• Somewhat mobile in plant tissues
• Long thought to be contact-type herbicide
  • Fast acting

• Not used as a plant growth regulator in Florida aquatic plant control applications

• Not yet classified in WSSA Resistance Grouping
• No tolerance or resistance issues reported in Florida
  • Used occasionally with potassium endothall as a resistance management strategy

• Used as submersed applications to control crested floating heart
  • Occasionally used for hydrilla or hygrophila control
• Important to know water depth to calculate appropriate dose

• Used for crested floating heart control in small areas
  • Alone or in combination with potassium endothall
  • Volume of treated area is essential to calculate appropriate dose

• Need 12-24 hours of exposure for crested floating heart or hydrilla control

• Generally, no issues related to this parameter
  • Control areas are typically small
  • Small amount of plant biomass controlled

• No issues related to this tool

• No issues related to this tool
  • Primarily used for small-scale crested floating heart control

• Need actively growing plants for herbicide uptake

• Sand / clay – no issues related to this tool
• Organic – no issues related to this tool

• Does not adsorb to suspended material

• Amine endothall is an algaecide
  • Infrequently permitted or used by FWC for this purpose in Florida waters
  • Little to no use with this compound for non-native vascular plant management

• Little to no use with this compound for non-native plant management

• Crested floating heart
  • Use alone or at low rates in conjunction with potassium endothall
  • Primary control method for crested floating heart
  • Follow-up applications may be necessary to control skips
    • Alone at 2 qt/acre-foot as subsurface injection
      • Apply to actively growing plants late summer (July – August)
    • Combination at 0.3 ppm with potassium endothall at 3.0 ppm
      • Apply late spring through summer
• Hydrilla
  • Spot control new hydrilla infestations with granular formulation
    • Boat ramp / isolated spots in canals

• Need actively growing plants for herbicide uptake

• Apply to actively growing target plants
  • May control vallisneria when used at higher rates with granular formulation

• Hydrilla regrowth depends on extent of control, water clarity and depth
  • Regrowth is slower if root crowns are killed – limited to tuber / turion sprouting
  • Southern naiad and Illinois pondweed are controlled by endothall
    • Usually recover during the same or next growing season

• Need at least 12-24 hours of contact exposure
• Dependent on dose and water temperature
• Windy conditions may increase dissipation in spot or band applications

Seasonally

• Less herbicide may be required in cooler months
  • Microbial breakdown is slower so herbicide active for longer period
• Applying to actively growing plants increases uptake

• No issues related to this tool – not broken down by photolysis

• Endothall degradation can occur more rapidly in warmer water (> 80°F)
  • Could result in reduced efficacy

• No generics or equivalent modes of action available

• Area of control is generally confined to the area to which amine endothall is directly applied
• Minimal dissipation and control may result outside of application zone

• Control duration depends on dose, extent of contact, water clarity, and depth
• If root crowns are killed, then regrowth is slower
  • Regrowth is from tubers / turions (hydrilla) or fragments / ramets (crested floating heart)

• Symptoms in 5-7 days and control in 1-3 weeks

• Usually applied via boat-mounted drop hoses as a tank mix with potassium endothall
• Aerial applications are not conducted in Florida with this compound for aquatic plant control
• Granular formulation applied with blower or spreader